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Journal of the Geological Society

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Carboniferous volcanicity in England with special reference to the Westphalian of the E and W Midlands

In the East Midlands, volcanic activity occurs at numerous stratigraphic levels in the Carboniferous but terminates in the Westphalian A. In the Vale of Belvoir (E Midlands) the Westphalian activity is represented by a continuous lava pile (volume approximately 45 km³) that interdigitates with conventional sediments to the W. This is cut by one or more periods of sill emplacement, at least one of which was later than the Westphalian A/B boundary. Conversely, in the W Midlands igneous activity was confined mostly to the emplacement of isolated sills in the Westphalian C.

The E Midlands pile is composed of intimately-associated alkaline and subalkaline (tholeiitic) basalts, whereas the sills of the W Midlands are alkaline. The alkaline basalts of both areas range from basanite/basalt to hawaiite. New ultrabasic nodule localities have been recorded in the most alkaline basalts of the E Midlands.

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